Policies related to shipping safety have been implemented in major and large ports in Indonesia, such as the Ports of Belawan, Tanjung Priok, Tanjung Perak, and Makassar. However, smaller ports in Indonesia consider these safety standards difficult and expensive to comply with, so until now, there has been no safety assessment method for small multipurpose ports.
Even though small multipurpose ports for archipelago areas such as Indonesia have an important role, especially for the distribution of goods and people in areas not served by land and air transportation, These considerations then prompted Santos Priadi to raise this issue in his dissertation entitled “Model of Port Safety Assessment Using As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) Based Formal Safety Assessment Application in Multipurpose Small Ports”.
At an open session for the promotion of the doctoral degree in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia (FTUI), which was held on Thursday (07/20), Santos conveyed how the model for the safety assessment process for small multipurpose ports was developed in several steps. The first step is accident identification using expert opinion and the Aiken validation index. The second step is a risk assessment with a combination of assessment methods using a consequence index and the frequency of adjustments to port area conditions.
“Weighting is done using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the human, environmental, infrastructure, and corporate components. Then it was developed using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to get the causes of accidents in a structured way,” said Santos.
Furthermore, Santos explained that the results of the risk evaluation showed that there was 18% high risk, 18% medium risk, and 64% acceptable (low) risk in small multipurpose ports. From this evaluation, it was found that the highest risk was the incident of a burning ship and human accidents due to falling from a ship or wharf, being hit by a vehicle, and being hit by thrown ropes or boat moorings.
To overcome this, Santos proposes a combination of 10 Risk Control Options (RCOs) to reach As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) conditions. After the risk control options are determined, Santos performs a cost-benefit calculation using the Net and Gross costs of Averting mortality (CAF). The final step is to provide recommendations for making decisions on safety assessments at ports that can be restarted based on risk assessments that might change.
In his research, Santos Priadi found that mitigating the risk of a burning ship accident has a favourable cost-benefit ratio of 1:27 while mitigating the risk of human accidents has a cost-benefit ratio of 1:1.02. Even though the safety assessment model developed by Santos gave positive results, there were major obstacles to the use of the FSA that were related to inadequate data documentation. Therefore, there must be regulations regarding the obligation to document accidents at the port, considering how important safety assessment is for small, multipurpose ports.
Prof. Dr. Heri Hermansyah, S.T., M.Eng., IPU, Dean of the Faculty of Engineering UI (FTUI), said, “The use of this safety assessment model is expected to help small multi-purpose ports in Indonesia improve their safety performance and ensure safety and comfort for port service users. . Hopefully this research will have a positive impact on safety in small ports and contribute to efforts to create a safe and reliable maritime environment in Indonesia.”
His research dissertation on safety assessment models at small multipurpose ports succeeded in bringing Santos Priadi as the 68th doctoral graduate of the Civil Engineering Department and the 517th doctorate from the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, on Thursday (07/20). The open session was chaired by Prof. Dr. Heri Hermansyah, S.T., M.Eng., IPU, with promoter Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunaryo, M.Sc., and co-promoter Dr. Ir. Tri Tjahjono, M.Sc. While the examiner team consisted of Ayomi Dita Rarasati, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Ir. Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo, DEA, Prof. Dr. Ing. Ir. Muhammad Yamin Jinca, MS.Tr., Dr. Ir. Nahry, M.T., and Ir. R. Jachrizal Sumabrata, M.Sc. (Eng., Ph.D.
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Bureau of Public Communications
Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia